The+struggle+for+justice+at+home


 * __The Struggle for Justice at Home__

__The wartime struggle against Jim Crow__ __The Double "V" campaign -__ __Mexican americans and Braceros During World War II__ __The Bracero Program__ __Zoot Suit Riots__ __Native Americans and the War at Home__
 * African americans were going through some pretty rough times while WW II was under way.
 * In the north, fewer laws enforced segregation, were on the books, but African Americans still were discriminated against in employment education, and housing patterns.
 * During the 1940's over two million african americans migrated from the south to northern and western cities.
 * In the north they found new opportunities, but were concentrated in urban ghettos,or sanctions of the city where people live who were discriminated against due to the economic pressure.
 * A survey taken in 1941 showed that 50% of all African american homes were substandard, versus only 14% percent of white homes.This means that half of the African american homes were nearing poverty level and werent your average home because of the economic times in this area. Also one out of five potential job holders were unemployed.
 * Patterns of discrimination continued when when employers put signs on their windows that said "whites only" meaning whites could only work here and could only come, and that people from different ethnical backgrounds and color couldnt come near here.
 * The double v campaign was thought of by The Pittsburgh Courier a newspaper in Pittsburgh, Penn. Its an african american newspaper thaty launched this particular campaign. The v stood for victory against the axis powers, and v for victory in the struggle for equality.
 * A. Philip Randolph, head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car porters, which was a labor union with largely African american membership. The union proposed a massive marchin early 1941 to demand an end on discrimination in all areas of american society.
 * June 25, 1941, the president signed executive order 8802, which opened jobs and job training programs, in defense plants to all americans regardles of race.
 * During the war mexicans also faced discrimination problems just like the african americans did.
 * The war did bring new employment opportunites for mexican americans.
 * In the futures needs the labor department's office of education established vocational schools in a number of southwestern cities, and provided training for rural americans also including mexican americans that eased the transition to war work.
 * Mexican americans made major gains on the industrial front during world war II. By 1994 17,000 were employed in Los Angeles, at shipyards where none had worked three years before.
 * On the agricultural front a shortage of farm labors led the US to seek help from mexico.
 * In 1942 an agreement betwwen the 2 nations provided for transportation, food, shelter, and medical car for thousands of braceros.
 * Between 1942 and 1947 morethan 200,000 braceros participated in the programs. when their contracts expired, however, they were quickly transported back to Mexico.
 * april and May 1943, street fighting sailors and residents of Mexican descent. Many Mexican American wore popular style of clothing known as the "zoot suit" which had baggie pants and long jacket.
 * Fighting turned into a full- scale riot during the first week of June 1943.
 * Finally, army and navy officials intervened by restricting soldiers' off duty access to Los Angeles.
 * Thousands enlisted in the armed forces or migrated to urban centers to work in defense plants.
 * Nearly fifty thousand Native Americans worked in war industries around the country.
 * Finally early in 1945 all japanese americans were allowed to leave the camps, some were able to leave the camps.
 * At that time congress passed and president ronald reagan signed a law awarding each surviving american internee a tax free payment of 20,000.
 * These monetary reparations could not undo the damage that had been done decades earlier, but the law at least acknowledged the injustice.